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                  <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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                <text>E. J. Kinzer residence&#13;
821 High St.&#13;
Baldwin City, Ks 66006</text>
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                <text>This property was unimproved in 1899.  The value increased from $150.00 in 1902 to %550.00 in 1903.  In the 1902-03 city directory Edward J. and Emma Kinzer were recorded as residing at the corner of 4th and High.  Kinzer operated a transfer and dray line.  The property was shown in the 1905 Sanborn map.</text>
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                <text>Detached residence, square plan with side entrance W, two stories, three front bays, wood frame construction with modern asbestos sheathing, coursed rough cut stone foundation, truncated pyramidal roof.  Hipped front porch with square posts, 1/1 wooden double-hung windows, two banks of three first floor windows, interior brick chimney.</text>
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                <text>Dale Nimz, photographer</text>
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                <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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                <text>Fall, 1988</text>
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                <text>Sanborn maps, 1893-1927&#13;
County assessment records, 1900-1928&#13;
Baldwin City directory (1902-03)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>All rights reserved</text>
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                  <text>Rossville Businesses</text>
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                <text>E.J. Howard in front of Howard's Garage, Rossville, Kansas&#13;
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                <text>E.J. Howard in front of Howard's Garage, located at the corner of Main Street and Perry, Rossville, Kansas&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1495">
                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>Rossville Community Library</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>ca. 1920-1935</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public domain due to copyright expiration</text>
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                <text>RCL0115</text>
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        <name>Howard's Garage</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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                <text>E.J. Loudermilk House&#13;
603 9th&#13;
Baldwin City, Ks 66006</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>This property was unimproved in 1900; G.S. Dearborn was the owner of a tract (LTS 72-82).  Construction of the existing house was indicated by a change and ownership and increase in value recorded in 1902.  E.J. Loudermilk was the owner; the value of lots 72 and 74 was $300.00.  E. Imogene Loudermilk, widow of Julius, was listed as residing on Grove at the corner of 9th Street in that year.  F.E. Wolf was the owner in 1906.  The property appears to be the Wolf residence illustrated in 1908.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Detached residence, square plan with gable bays, one-and-a-half story, wood frame and weatherboard, rough-cut coursed stone foundation, main hipped roof.  Hipped ell front porch on columns, open railing, rear screened porch, 1/1 double-hung windows, glazed wooden entrance doors, paired doors SE, exterior brick chimney N.  Decorative circular front windows, pedimented gable roof dormer SE, shingled gable ends.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10702">
                <text>Dale Nimz, photographer</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10703">
                <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>January, 1989</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10705">
                <text>County assessment rolls, 1898-1906&#13;
Baldwin Souvenir 1908, photo&#13;
City directory, 1902-03</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10706">
                <text>All rights reserved</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10707">
                <text>English</text>
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                  <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11702">
                <text>Earl L. Uhl house&#13;
306 8th Street&#13;
Baldwin City, Ks 66006</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Lots 121, 122 and 124 on Chapel Street were subdivided between 1914 and 1918.  This house on the southern parcel was constructed by 1918; the value of improvements was $1400.00.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11704">
                <text>Detached residence, rectangle with recessed side porch and central entrance, two stories, three front bays, wood frame construction with weatherboard first floor and shingles second floor, concrete foundation, gable roof.  1/1 double-hung wooden windows, single and triple projecting windows with supporting brackets and shed dormers S, projecting four-bay second floor front window, glazed wooden entrance door, shed roof dormer S.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11705">
                <text>Dale Nimz, photographer</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11706">
                <text>Baldwin City Public Library</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Winter, 1988</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Douglas County assessment rolls, 1890-1928</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>All rights reserved</text>
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                  <text>Rossville Agricultural History</text>
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                  <text>Farming/Ranching</text>
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                  <text>Rossville Community Library</text>
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                  <text>Rossville Centennial Booklet, 1971</text>
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            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="165">
                  <text>Rossville Community Library</text>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="166">
                  <text>Public Domain due to copyright expiration. Original narrative content by RCL is available for use by public.</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Rossville is fortunately situated in many ways—we are near a large city, Topeka, but far enough away to retain our own identity; we can be considered a bedroom community to Topeka since so many residents commute to work to the larger city; we are just north of the Kansas River and enjoy the fertile “Kaw River Valley,” which has benefited agriculture in our community since its very beginnings.&#13;
&#13;
From the early days, Rossville Township was blessed with fertile creek and river-bottom land, combined with the upland, which consisted of bluestem grass. The early settlers broke and cleared the bottom lands and part of the upland prairie. The settlers of the 1860-70s began farming and found the soil fertile and productive. However, the task of clearing the timberland and breaking prairie sod must have seemed insurmountable. Corn and wheat, the main crops, and cattle, hogs and other livestock-raising, became the basic agriculture of Rossville township. Many of these early farmers came to Kansas seeking land. They traveled by ox cart and wagon before the railroad went through, following the Oregon and other trails. Settlers bought land from the Santa Fe Railroad or from members of the Citizen Potawatomi Band, who were selling their allotment land.&#13;
&#13;
The first mention of early agriculture in Rossville comes from Dr. Gabbey’s account, written in 1886: “The Pottawatomi as a tribe never took kindly to agriculture, four or five acres in corn was a large field. Their fields were usually cleared up from the edge of the timber along the streams, as the Indian had little use for the Prairie kind.” &#13;
&#13;
One account gives the cost of prairie in the early days from $2.50 to $4.00 per acre. Lumber was worth from $25.00 to $39.00 dollars per thousand feet. Oxen cost $100.00 a yoke, mules from $100.00 to $200.00, horses $75.00 to $150.00, sheep $2.00 a head and chickens 25¢ each. Masons and carpenters received $2.00 to $3.00 per day in wages. Wheat was worth $1.50 per bushel and flour $4.50 per hundred pounds. From newspapers of 1877: “New corn brought in for shipment is getting 18¢ to 20¢ and corn huskers have been in demand at $1.00 per day and board; 2.5¢ per bushel thrown on the ground or 3.5¢ in the crib.” “Mr. Lambert James, a farmer living a few miles west of town has this season manufactured 1,500 gallon of sorghum molasses, which he readily disposed of at 50¢ per gallon.”&#13;
&#13;
But challenges persisted for early settlers. Although this was an extremely desirable area for agriculture and the raising of livestock, it was not possible for the early settlers to procure manufactured goods from the East without paying an extremely high freight bill. It was also impossible to ship their grain and produce economically. River freight was tried but the Kaw River often times did not have enough water to make shipping dependable so the answer to this problem was the railroad. Rossville’s answer came May 18, 1866, when the first train passed through the town. &#13;
&#13;
Corn was the main crop and early editors gave much space extolling its excellence. Corn cribs were numerous along the south side of the railroad tracks and on the east side of north Main. A water powered grist mill was located on Cross Creek north of town. Mulvane Bros. built a steam powered mill south of the railroad tracks.&#13;
&#13;
One of the earliest farmers was Henry Ford, who acquired 80 acres southwest of Rossville in 1864. His wife was the former Mary Nadeau, who came to Rossville from Indiana in 1862. Henry Ford came to Kansas in 1863 and was a stage coach driver for the Overland Stage Company between Topeka and Manhattan. He met his wife at “Buttermilk Station” where she worked for her brother, Big Alex Nadeau. While working to clear their land of timber and build a log house, they lived in one room of a three room house, west of Cross Creek, north of the old Oregon and California trails. The other two rooms were occupied by Dr. and Mrs. R.S. Gabbey and Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Higginbotham. After the Fords moved into their log cabin, Mrs. Ford often rode horseback nine miles with her baby to the mission in St. Marys. The first flowers she had to plant by the cabin were given to her by the nuns at the Mission.&#13;
&#13;
Another early farmer, John DeGraff settled south of Rossville in 1865. He and his wife, the former Frances Navarre, lived in a small dugout until their house was built.&#13;
&#13;
The following is a list of early farmers:&#13;
Name	|		Year to Rossville  |	Origin&#13;
&#13;
Archibald Abbott	1870	Kingston, Canada West&#13;
Joseph Andrews		Westmoreland County, Pa.&#13;
W. Thomas Andrews	1879	McKay, Ohio&#13;
Joseph Beseau	1875	Monroe County, Michigan&#13;
John A. Bond	1872	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
William Bond	1873	Tyler County, W. Virginia&#13;
John DeGraff	1865	&#13;
James DeVinney	1880	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
Benjamin Franklin	1869	Ross County, Ohio&#13;
John Fritz	1877	Somerset County, Pa.&#13;
Martin Hass	1877	Richland County, Ohio&#13;
Henry Kassabaum	1877	Brookmell, Prussia&#13;
T.J. Kiernan	1868	&#13;
Elzey E. Kinsey	1877	Ohio&#13;
Henry Lipp	1868	South Germany&#13;
Isaac McCollough	1873	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
R. McCollough	1878	Holmes County, Ohio&#13;
Michael O’halaron	1880	&#13;
Samuel Oldfield	1878	Derbyshire, England&#13;
S.J. Oliver	1876	&#13;
Edward Partelow	1868	Newport, Kentucky&#13;
Thomas L. Ross	1882	Cincinnati, Ohio&#13;
M.M. Standley	1874	Carroll County, Indiana&#13;
Bennett Swearingen	1868	Meigs County, Ohio&#13;
Isaac B. Trostel	1877	Perry County, Pa.&#13;
Frank Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
William Wax	1878	Juniata County, Pa.&#13;
Daniel Wilt	1876	York County, Pa.&#13;
Henry York	1869	Zurich, Switzerland&#13;
Peter H. Zickefoose	1874	Highland County, W. Virginia&#13;
Samuel Beals	1867	&#13;
E.S. Doud	1869	&#13;
W.L. James		&#13;
Wm. Kirkpatrick	1871	&#13;
Frank L. Sanders		&#13;
John Heslet		&#13;
Noel Graves		&#13;
W.W. Janes		&#13;
J.K. Conley	1870	Yates County, New York&#13;
Startup, Ab		&#13;
Thomas Attebury	1877	&#13;
George Hejtmanek	1880	Wisowitz, Moravia, Austria&#13;
D. Hartzell	1872	&#13;
Francis E. Williams	1876	New York&#13;
Captain John Gutshall		&#13;
Col. A.S. Stanley	1880	Meigs Co., Ohio&#13;
Martin Nason	1872	&#13;
Jos. Van Vleck	1878	&#13;
M.L. Cless	1876	&#13;
B.W. Higginbotham	1861	&#13;
Thomas Moss	1877	&#13;
J.M. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
J.A. Parr		Clay Co. Indiana&#13;
H.W. Lipp	1878	Illinois&#13;
Samuel B. Zickefoose	1869	West Virginia&#13;
Mrs. Jane Jackson	1875	Scotland&#13;
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                <text>Earl Mitchell of Rural Delia escape serious injury Friday afternoon when his tractor fell from the Soldier Creek bridge throwing him clear. Mitchell suffered only broken ribs. The front wheels of the tractor fell into a plank crack on the bridge and pulled the tractor to the side, dropping it about ten feet.</text>
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&#13;
(not postmarked) &#13;
&#13;
Addressed to: Mr. Claude Dodge, Belleville, Kansas&#13;
&#13;
Hello Claude: I guess you are dead so I'll send this to waken you. Now I ain't [scarted] if I do look it. Ha. When are you coming down? Ans. Mayme&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="994">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="995">
                <text>Rossville Community Library</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="996">
                <text>after 1910</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="997">
                <text>Public domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="998">
                <text>photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="999">
                <text>RCL0029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Kansas Memory Project</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="16">
        <name>Main Street</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
